use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::convert::AsRef;
use std::fmt;

use super::custom_values::*;
use {num_cpus, base64};
use config::Environment::*;
use config::{Result, ConfigBuilder, Environment, ConfigError, LoggingLevel};
use config::{Table, Value, Array, Datetime};

use http::private::Key;

/// Structure for Rocket application configuration.
///
/// # Usage
///
/// A `Config` structure is typically built using [`Config::build()`] and
/// builder methods on the returned [`ConfigBuilder`] structure:
///
/// ```rust
/// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
///
/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
/// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
///     .address("127.0.0.1")
///     .port(700)
///     .workers(12)
///     .unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// ## General Configuration
///
/// For more information about Rocket's configuration, see the
/// [`config`](::config) module documentation.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Config {
    /// The environment that this configuration corresponds to.
    pub environment: Environment,
    /// The address to serve on.
    pub address: String,
    /// The port to serve on.
    pub port: u16,
    /// The number of workers to run concurrently.
    pub workers: u16,
    /// Keep-alive timeout in seconds or None if disabled.
    pub keep_alive: Option<u32>,
    /// Number of seconds to wait without _receiving_ data before closing a
    /// connection; disabled when `None`.
    pub read_timeout: Option<u32>,
    /// Number of seconds to wait without _sending_ data before closing a
    /// connection; disabled when `None`.
    pub write_timeout: Option<u32>,
    /// How much information to log.
    pub log_level: LoggingLevel,
    /// The secret key.
    crate secret_key: SecretKey,
    /// TLS configuration.
    crate tls: Option<TlsConfig>,
    /// Streaming read size limits.
    pub limits: Limits,
    /// Extra parameters that aren't part of Rocket's core config.
    pub extras: HashMap<String, Value>,
    /// The path to the configuration file this config was loaded from, if any.
    crate config_file_path: Option<PathBuf>,
    /// The path root-relative files will be rooted from.
    crate root_path: Option<PathBuf>,
}

macro_rules! config_from_raw {
    ($config:expr, $name:expr, $value:expr,
        $($key:ident => ($type:ident, $set:ident, $map:expr),)+ | _ => $rest:expr) => (
        match $name {
            $(stringify!($key) => {
                super::custom_values::$type($config, $name, $value)
                    .and_then(|parsed| $map($config.$set(parsed)))
            })+
            _ => $rest
        }
    )
}

impl Config {
    /// Returns a builder for `Config` structure where the default parameters
    /// are set to those of `env`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .address("127.0.0.1")
    ///     .port(700)
    ///     .workers(12)
    ///     .unwrap();
    /// ```
    pub fn build(env: Environment) -> ConfigBuilder {
        ConfigBuilder::new(env)
    }

    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters for the environment
    /// `env`. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut my_config = Config::new(Environment::Production);
    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
    /// ```
    pub fn new(env: Environment) -> Config {
        Config::default(env)
    }

    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the active environment
    /// as determined by the `ROCKET_ENV` environment variable.
    ///
    /// If `ROCKET_ENV` is not set, the returned `Config` uses development
    /// environment parameters when the application was compiled in `debug` mode
    /// and production environment parameters when the application was compiled
    /// in `release` mode.
    ///
    /// This is equivalent to `Config::new(Environment::active()?)`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns a `BadEnv` error if `ROCKET_ENV` is set and contains an invalid
    /// or unknown environment name.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::Config;
    ///
    /// let mut my_config = Config::active().unwrap();
    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
    /// ```
    pub fn active() -> Result<Config> {
        Ok(Config::new(Environment::active()?))
    }

    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the development
    /// environment. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut my_config = Config::development();
    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
    /// ```
    pub fn development() -> Config {
        Config::new(Environment::Development)
    }

    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the staging
    /// environment. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut my_config = Config::staging();
    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
    /// ```
    pub fn staging() -> Config {
        Config::new(Environment::Staging)
    }

    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the production
    /// environment. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut my_config = Config::production();
    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
    /// ```
    pub fn production() -> Config {
        Config::new(Environment::Production)
    }

    /// Returns the default configuration for the environment `env` given that
    /// the configuration was stored at `config_file_path`.
    ///
    /// # Error
    ///
    /// Return a `BadFilePath` error if `path` does not have a parent.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if randomness cannot be retrieved from the OS.
    crate fn default_from<P>(env: Environment, path: P) -> Result<Config>
        where P: AsRef<Path>
    {
        let mut config = Config::default(env);

        let config_file_path = path.as_ref().to_path_buf();
        if let Some(parent) = config_file_path.parent() {
            config.set_root(parent);
        } else {
            let msg = "Configuration files must be rooted in a directory.";
            return Err(ConfigError::BadFilePath(config_file_path.clone(), msg));
        }

        config.config_file_path = Some(config_file_path);
        Ok(config)
    }

    /// Returns the default configuration for the environment `env`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if randomness cannot be retrieved from the OS.
    crate fn default(env: Environment) -> Config {
        // Note: This may truncate if num_cpus::get() / 2 > u16::max. That's okay.
        let default_workers = (num_cpus::get() * 2) as u16;

        // Use a generated secret key by default.
        let key = SecretKey::Generated(Key::generate());

        match env {
            Development => {
                Config {
                    environment: Development,
                    address: "localhost".to_string(),
                    port: 8000,
                    workers: default_workers,
                    keep_alive: Some(5),
                    read_timeout: Some(5),
                    write_timeout: Some(5),
                    log_level: LoggingLevel::Normal,
                    secret_key: key,
                    tls: None,
                    limits: Limits::default(),
                    extras: HashMap::new(),
                    config_file_path: None,
                    root_path: None,
                }
            }
            Staging => {
                Config {
                    environment: Staging,
                    address: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
                    port: 8000,
                    workers: default_workers,
                    keep_alive: Some(5),
                    read_timeout: Some(5),
                    write_timeout: Some(5),
                    log_level: LoggingLevel::Normal,
                    secret_key: key,
                    tls: None,
                    limits: Limits::default(),
                    extras: HashMap::new(),
                    config_file_path: None,
                    root_path: None,
                }
            }
            Production => {
                Config {
                    environment: Production,
                    address: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
                    port: 8000,
                    workers: default_workers,
                    keep_alive: Some(5),
                    read_timeout: Some(5),
                    write_timeout: Some(5),
                    log_level: LoggingLevel::Critical,
                    secret_key: key,
                    tls: None,
                    limits: Limits::default(),
                    extras: HashMap::new(),
                    config_file_path: None,
                    root_path: None,
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Constructs a `BadType` error given the entry `name`, the invalid `val`
    /// at that entry, and the `expect`ed type name.
    #[inline(always)]
    crate fn bad_type(&self,
                           name: &str,
                           actual: &'static str,
                           expect: &'static str) -> ConfigError {
        let id = format!("{}.{}", self.environment, name);
        ConfigError::BadType(id, expect, actual, self.config_file_path.clone())
    }

    /// Sets the configuration `val` for the `name` entry. If the `name` is one
    /// of "address", "port", "secret_key", "log", or "workers" (the "default"
    /// values), the appropriate value in the `self` Config structure is set.
    /// Otherwise, the value is stored as an `extra`.
    ///
    /// For each of the default values, the following `Value` variant is
    /// expected. If a different variant is supplied, a `BadType` `Err` is
    /// returned:
    ///
    ///   * **address**: String
    ///   * **port**: Integer (16-bit unsigned)
    ///   * **workers**: Integer (16-bit unsigned)
    ///   * **keep_alive**: Integer
    ///   * **log**: String
    ///   * **secret_key**: String (256-bit base64)
    ///   * **tls**: Table (`certs` (path as String), `key` (path as String))
    crate fn set_raw(&mut self, name: &str, val: &Value) -> Result<()> {
        let (id, ok) = (|val| val, |_| Ok(()));
        config_from_raw!(self, name, val,
            address => (str, set_address, id),
            port => (u16, set_port, ok),
            workers => (u16, set_workers, ok),
            keep_alive => (u32, set_keep_alive, ok),
            read_timeout => (u32, set_read_timeout, ok),
            write_timeout => (u32, set_write_timeout, ok),
            log => (log_level, set_log_level, ok),
            secret_key => (str, set_secret_key, id),
            tls => (tls_config, set_raw_tls, id),
            limits => (limits, set_limits, ok),
            | _ => {
                self.extras.insert(name.into(), val.clone());
                Ok(())
            }
        )
    }

    /// Sets the root directory of this configuration to `root`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # use std::path::Path;
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// config.set_root("/var/my_app");
    ///
    /// # #[cfg(not(windows))]
    /// assert_eq!(config.root().unwrap(), Path::new("/var/my_app"));
    /// ```
    pub fn set_root<P: AsRef<Path>>(&mut self, path: P) {
        self.root_path = Some(path.as_ref().into());
    }

    /// Sets the address of `self` to `address`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If `address` is not a valid IP address or hostname, returns a `BadType`
    /// error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// assert!(config.set_address("localhost").is_ok());
    /// assert!(config.set_address("::").is_ok());
    /// assert!(config.set_address("?").is_err());
    /// ```
    pub fn set_address<A: Into<String>>(&mut self, address: A) -> Result<()> {
        let address = address.into();
        if (&*address, 0u16).to_socket_addrs().is_err() {
            return Err(self.bad_type("address", "string", "a valid hostname or IP"));
        }

        self.address = address;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sets the `port` of `self` to `port`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// config.set_port(1024);
    /// assert_eq!(config.port, 1024);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_port(&mut self, port: u16) {
        self.port = port;
    }

    /// Sets the number of `workers` in `self` to `workers`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// config.set_workers(64);
    /// assert_eq!(config.workers, 64);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_workers(&mut self, workers: u16) {
        self.workers = workers;
    }

    /// Sets the keep-alive timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`,
    /// keep-alive is disabled.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::Config;
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::development();
    ///
    /// // Set keep-alive timeout to 10 seconds.
    /// config.set_keep_alive(10);
    /// assert_eq!(config.keep_alive, Some(10));
    ///
    /// // Disable keep-alive.
    /// config.set_keep_alive(0);
    /// assert_eq!(config.keep_alive, None);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_keep_alive(&mut self, timeout: u32) {
        if timeout == 0 {
            self.keep_alive = None;
        } else {
            self.keep_alive = Some(timeout);
        }
    }

    /// Sets the read timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`, read
    /// timeouts are disabled.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::Config;
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::development();
    ///
    /// // Set read timeout to 10 seconds.
    /// config.set_read_timeout(10);
    /// assert_eq!(config.read_timeout, Some(10));
    ///
    /// // Disable read timeouts.
    /// config.set_read_timeout(0);
    /// assert_eq!(config.read_timeout, None);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_read_timeout(&mut self, timeout: u32) {
        if timeout == 0 {
            self.read_timeout = None;
        } else {
            self.read_timeout = Some(timeout);
        }
    }

    /// Sets the write timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`, write
    /// timeouts are disabled.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::Config;
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::development();
    ///
    /// // Set write timeout to 10 seconds.
    /// config.set_write_timeout(10);
    /// assert_eq!(config.write_timeout, Some(10));
    ///
    /// // Disable write timeouts.
    /// config.set_write_timeout(0);
    /// assert_eq!(config.write_timeout, None);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_write_timeout(&mut self, timeout: u32) {
        if timeout == 0 {
            self.write_timeout = None;
        } else {
            self.write_timeout = Some(timeout);
        }
    }

    /// Sets the `secret_key` in `self` to `key` which must be a 256-bit base64
    /// encoded string.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If `key` is not a valid 256-bit base64 encoded string, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// let key = "8Xui8SN4mI+7egV/9dlfYYLGQJeEx4+DwmSQLwDVXJg=";
    /// assert!(config.set_secret_key(key).is_ok());
    /// assert!(config.set_secret_key("hello? anyone there?").is_err());
    /// ```
    pub fn set_secret_key<K: Into<String>>(&mut self, key: K) -> Result<()> {
        let key = key.into();
        let error = self.bad_type("secret_key", "string",
                                  "a 256-bit base64 encoded string");

        if key.len() != 44 {
            return Err(error);
        }

        let bytes = match base64::decode(&key) {
            Ok(bytes) => bytes,
            Err(_) => return Err(error)
        };

        self.secret_key = SecretKey::Provided(Key::from_master(&bytes));
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sets the logging level for `self` to `log_level`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, LoggingLevel, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// config.set_log_level(LoggingLevel::Critical);
    /// assert_eq!(config.log_level, LoggingLevel::Critical);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_log_level(&mut self, log_level: LoggingLevel) {
        self.log_level = log_level;
    }

    /// Sets the receive limits in `self` to `limits`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Limits};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::development();
    /// config.set_limits(Limits::default().limit("json", 4 * (1 << 20)));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_limits(&mut self, limits: Limits) {
        self.limits = limits;
    }

    /// Sets the TLS configuration in `self`.
    ///
    /// Certificates are read from `certs_path`. The certificate chain must be
    /// in X.509 PEM format. The private key is read from `key_path`. The
    /// private key must be an RSA key in either PKCS#1 or PKCS#8 PEM format.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If reading either the certificates or private key fails, an error of
    /// variant `Io` is returned. If either the certificates or private key
    /// files are malformed or cannot be parsed, an error of `BadType` is
    /// returned.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::Config;
    ///
    /// # use rocket::config::ConfigError;
    /// # fn config_test() -> Result<(), ConfigError> {
    /// let mut config = Config::development();
    /// config.set_tls("/etc/ssl/my_certs.pem", "/etc/ssl/priv.key")?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
    pub fn set_tls(&mut self, certs_path: &str, key_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
        use http::tls::util::{self, Error};

        let pem_err = "malformed PEM file";

        // Load the certificates.
        let certs = util::load_certs(self.root_relative(certs_path))
            .map_err(|e| match e {
                Error::Io(e) => ConfigError::Io(e, "tls.certs"),
                _ => self.bad_type("tls", pem_err, "a valid certificates file")
            })?;

        // And now the private key.
        let key = util::load_private_key(self.root_relative(key_path))
            .map_err(|e| match e {
                Error::Io(e) => ConfigError::Io(e, "tls.key"),
                _ => self.bad_type("tls", pem_err, "a valid private key file")
            })?;

        self.tls = Some(TlsConfig { certs, key });
        Ok(())
    }

    #[doc(hidden)]
    #[cfg(not(feature = "tls"))]
    pub fn set_tls(&mut self, _: &str, _: &str) -> Result<()> {
        self.tls = Some(TlsConfig);
        Ok(())
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn set_raw_tls(&mut self, _paths: (&str, &str)) -> Result<()> {
        #[cfg(not(test))]
        { self.set_tls(_paths.0, _paths.1) }

        // During unit testing, we don't want to actually read certs/keys.
        #[cfg(test)]
        { Ok(()) }
    }

    /// Sets the extras for `self` to be the key/value pairs in `extras`.
    /// encoded string.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::collections::HashMap;
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    ///
    /// // Create the `extras` map.
    /// let mut extras = HashMap::new();
    /// extras.insert("another_port".to_string(), 1044.into());
    /// extras.insert("templates".to_string(), "my_dir".into());
    ///
    /// config.set_extras(extras);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_extras(&mut self, extras: HashMap<String, Value>) {
        self.extras = extras;
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over the names and values of all of the extras in
    /// `self`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::collections::HashMap;
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// assert_eq!(config.extras().count(), 0);
    ///
    /// // Add a couple of extras to the config.
    /// let mut extras = HashMap::new();
    /// extras.insert("another_port".to_string(), 1044.into());
    /// extras.insert("templates".to_string(), "my_dir".into());
    /// config.set_extras(extras);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.extras().count(), 2);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn extras<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item=(&'a str, &'a Value)> {
        self.extras.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str(), v))
    }

    /// Returns `true` if TLS is enabled.
    ///
    /// Always returns `false` if the `tls` compilation feature is not enabled.
    pub fn tls_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        if cfg!(feature = "tls") {
            self.tls.is_some()
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    /// Retrieves the secret key from `self`.
    #[inline]
    crate fn secret_key(&self) -> &Key {
        self.secret_key.inner()
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a raw value.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment, Value};
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("name", "value")
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.get_extra("name"), Ok(&Value::String("value".into())));
    /// assert!(config.get_extra("other").is_err());
    /// ```
    pub fn get_extra<'a>(&'a self, name: &str) -> Result<&'a Value> {
        self.extras.get(name).ok_or_else(|| ConfigError::Missing(name.into()))
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a borrowed string.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a string, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("my_extra", "extra_value")
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.get_str("my_extra"), Ok("extra_value"));
    /// ```
    pub fn get_str<'a>(&'a self, name: &str) -> Result<&'a str> {
        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
        val.as_str().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a string"))
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as an owned string.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a string, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("my_extra", "extra_value")
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.get_string("my_extra"), Ok("extra_value".to_string()));
    /// ```
    pub fn get_string(&self, name: &str) -> Result<String> {
        self.get_str(name).map(|s| s.to_string())
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as an integer.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not an integer, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("my_extra", 1025)
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.get_int("my_extra"), Ok(1025));
    /// ```
    pub fn get_int(&self, name: &str) -> Result<i64> {
        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
        val.as_integer().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "an integer"))
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a boolean.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a boolean, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("my_extra", true)
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.get_bool("my_extra"), Ok(true));
    /// ```
    pub fn get_bool(&self, name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
        val.as_bool().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a boolean"))
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a float.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a float, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("pi", 3.14159)
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.get_float("pi"), Ok(3.14159));
    /// ```
    pub fn get_float(&self, name: &str) -> Result<f64> {
        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
        val.as_float().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a float"))
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a slice of an array.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not an array, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("numbers", vec![1, 2, 3])
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert!(config.get_slice("numbers").is_ok());
    /// ```
    pub fn get_slice(&self, name: &str) -> Result<&Array> {
        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
        val.as_array().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "an array"))
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a table.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a table, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::collections::BTreeMap;
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut table = BTreeMap::new();
    /// table.insert("my_value".to_string(), 1);
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("my_table", table)
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert!(config.get_table("my_table").is_ok());
    /// ```
    pub fn get_table(&self, name: &str) -> Result<&Table> {
        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
        val.as_table().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a table"))
    }

    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a datetime value.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a datetime, returns a
    /// `BadType` error.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment, Value, Datetime};
    ///
    /// let date = "1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00".parse::<Datetime>().unwrap();
    ///
    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
    ///     .extra("my_date", Value::Datetime(date.clone()))
    ///     .unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.get_datetime("my_date"), Ok(&date));
    /// ```
    pub fn get_datetime(&self, name: &str) -> Result<&Datetime> {
        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
        val.as_datetime()
            .ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a datetime"))
    }

    /// Returns the root path of the configuration, if one is known.
    ///
    /// For configurations loaded from a `Rocket.toml` file, this will be the
    /// directory in which the file is stored. For instance, if the
    /// configuration file is at `/tmp/Rocket.toml`, the path `/tmp` is
    /// returned. For other configurations, this will be the path set via
    /// [`Config::set_root()`] or [`ConfigBuilder::root()`].
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::env::current_dir;
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    /// assert_eq!(config.root(), None);
    ///
    /// let cwd = current_dir().expect("have cwd");
    /// config.set_root(&cwd);
    /// assert_eq!(config.root().unwrap(), cwd);
    /// ```
    pub fn root(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
        self.root_path.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_ref())
    }

    /// Returns `path` relative to this configuration.
    ///
    /// The path that is returned depends on whether:
    ///
    ///   1. Whether `path` is absolute or relative.
    ///   2. Whether there is a [`Config::root()`] configured.
    ///   3. Whether there is a current directory.
    ///
    /// If `path` is absolute, it is returned unaltered. Otherwise, if `path` is
    /// relative and there is a root configured, the root is prepended to `path`
    /// and the newlt concatenated path is returned. Otherwise, if there is a
    /// current directory, it is preprended to `path` and the newly concatenated
    /// path is returned. Finally, if all else fails, the path is simply
    /// returned.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::path::Path;
    /// use std::env::current_dir;
    ///
    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
    ///
    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
    ///
    /// let cwd = current_dir().expect("have cwd");
    /// config.set_root(&cwd);
    /// assert_eq!(config.root().unwrap(), cwd);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(config.root_relative("abc"), cwd.join("abc"));
    /// # #[cfg(not(windows))]
    /// assert_eq!(config.root_relative("/abc"), Path::new("/abc"));
    /// # #[cfg(windows)]
    /// # assert_eq!(config.root_relative("C:\\abc"), Path::new("C:\\abc"));
    /// ```
    pub fn root_relative<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> PathBuf {
        let path = path.as_ref();
        if path.is_absolute() {
            path.into()
        } else if let Some(root) = self.root() {
            root.join(path)
        } else if let Ok(cwd) = ::std::env::current_dir() {
            cwd.join(path)
        } else {
            path.into()
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for Config {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        let mut s = f.debug_struct("Config");
        s.field("environment", &self.environment);
        s.field("address", &self.address);
        s.field("port", &self.port);
        s.field("workers", &self.workers);
        s.field("keep_alive", &self.keep_alive);
        s.field("log_level", &self.log_level);

        for (key, value) in self.extras() {
            s.field(key, &value);
        }

        s.finish()
    }
}

/// Doesn't consider the secret key or config path.
impl PartialEq for Config {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Config) -> bool {
        self.address == other.address
            && self.port == other.port
            && self.workers == other.workers
            && self.log_level == other.log_level
            && self.keep_alive == other.keep_alive
            && self.environment == other.environment
            && self.extras == other.extras
    }
}